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- <text id=89TT1259>
- <title>
- May 15, 1989: Putting The Heat On Cold Fusion
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- May 15, 1989 Waiting For Washington
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 63
- Putting the Heat on Cold Fusion
- </hdr><body>
- <p> The spring meeting of the American Physical Society is
- normally a cool scientific congregation, but last week's
- gathering of 1,500 physicists in Baltimore was more like an
- unusually hot celebrity roast. This elite clan convened a
- special panel to comment on the instant fame of Stanley Pons and
- Martin Fleischmann, two chemists who had dared to venture from
- their field into the private domain of nuclear physicists. Less
- than six weeks earlier, Pons, of the University of Utah, and
- Fleischmann, of Britain's University of Southampton, claimed to
- have achieved nuclear fusion, the process that powers the sun,
- at room temperature. Because the experiment produced much more
- energy than it consumed, said the chemists, it could lead to the
- development of an almost limitless power source. Physicists were
- skeptical, but they scurried to their labs to see if the
- seemingly impossible could be true.
- </p>
- <p> In Baltimore the physicists proclaimed their answer: no
- way. After weeks of thorough experimentation, researchers from
- numerous prestigious institutions, including M.I.T., Caltech,
- Yale and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, reported that they had
- found no evidence of "cold" fusion. The scientists seemed
- incensed that they had wasted their time trying to replicate an
- error-filled experiment and chided the University of Utah for
- requesting a $25 million federal grant based on sloppy research.
- Said Caltech physicist Steven Koonin: "We are suffering from the
- incompetence and perhaps the delusions of Professors Pons and
- Fleischmann." When the nine members of the cold-fusion review
- panel were asked if they thought the Utah experiment was a dead
- issue, eight raised their hands. The only holdout was Johann
- Rafelski of the University of Arizona, who did not support Pons
- and Fleischmann but said he would nonetheless withhold judgment.
- </p>
- <p> The physicists offered several theories about where the
- Utah experiments had gone wrong. Pons and Fleischmann claimed
- that they had caused the nuclei of deuterium atoms, a heavy form
- of hydrogen, to fuse together to form helium, thus releasing
- radiation and heat energy. But, the physicists suggested, the
- radiation detected might have come from radon that was already
- present in the laboratory's air. The helium reported could also
- have seeped into the apparatus from the air.
- </p>
- <p> Moreover, the physicists challenged the Utah team's heat
- measurements, saying they were probably faulty because the
- solution in the setup was unstirred, the temperature was not
- uniform and the thermometer was placed in a "hot spot." That
- conclusion moved Stanford physicist Walter Meyerhof to turn
- poetic. Said he: "Tens of millions of dollars are at stake, dear
- sister and brother,/ Because scientists put a thermometer at one
- place and not another."
- </p>
- <p> The roasting that Pons and Fleischmann took at the
- Baltimore meeting, which they declined to attend, is not likely
- to finish the debate over cold fusion. This week one or both of
- them may present new experimental results at a Los Angeles
- session of the Electrochemical Society, a gathering of chemists
- that may be more receptive to the idea of fusion in a jar than
- the physicists were. The Utah team still enjoys support from
- groups of researchers at Stanford and Texas A&M, who say they
- have also produced heat in their own versions of the experiment.
- Pons continues to insist that other laboratories have failed to
- duplicate his results because of variations in materials or
- procedure. But unless Pons and Fleischmann show how the
- experiment can be replicated, their claims of cold fusion will
- count for nothing. Observes Arizona's Rafelski: "Science is
- about knowing. It's not about believing."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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